Haematology is the study of disorders of blood and the blood forming organs, lymphomas and the lymphoreticular system. It is a speciality which includes the preventive, diagnostic and management aspects dealing with the aetiology, pathophysiology, investigation, diagnosis and management. Sometimes one consultant does all of above at other times a clinical Haematologist manages patients and a labo...

Flow cytometry is a technology that utilises identification of known carbohydrate and or protein molecules on the surface of cells to identify them very specifically. The cells flow in single file through a sensing zone where a laser beam incident on the cells cause the molecules of interest to emit light at specific wave lengths as they are bound to antibodies attached to fluorescent dyes. Ident...

Histopathology (or histology) involves the examination of sampled whole tissues under the microscope. Histopathology tests are conducted by LHD mainly to observe whether cancer cells are detected in a patient. Specimens received by LHD undergoes tissue preparation and subsequently treated and analysed using techniques appropriate to the type of tissue and the investigation required. At LHD we co...

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. This discipline includes fundamental research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents.   Importance of Microbiology Clinical Microbiology is arguably the first discipline of per...

Molecular Diagnostics consist of detecting specific sequences in DNA or RNA (nucleic acid molecules) that may be associated with a disease. The clinical information sourced from these tests can be used to accurately diagnose and effectively treat an ailment. Clinical applications of Molecular Diagnostics can be found in many areas of medicine including infectious diseases, oncology, pharmacogenomi...

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomal structure, location and function in cells. It includes the study of chromosome number and appearance (karyotyping), the physical location of genes on chromosomes, and chromosomal behavior in processes such as cell division. Techniques used include G-banding and other cytogenetic banding techniques of chromosomes for karyotyping, as well as molecular cytog...